Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Infrared spectrometric (IR) and biomarkers (tricyclic terpanes, Ts/Tm, C29/C30 hopane ratios, homohopane, gammacerane, diasteranes indices and steranes) were applied to evaluate the organic matters and crude oils to discusses a genetic relation between the organic matters and crude oils in the north Gulf of Suez. The results showed that, the organic matters of Brown Limestone Formation appear slightly mature and are originated from marine organic sources. The crude oil samples are more mature and derived mainly from mixed organic sources (mainly terrestrial with marine input) under transitional environments. Therefore, the source of oils of some wells in the northern part in the Gulf of Suez may be derived from different contributions of different origins within the Gulf....
Agricultural biomass as an energy resource has several environmental and economical advantages and has potential to substantially\r\ncontribute to present days� fuel demands. Currently, thermochemical processes for agricultural biomass to energy transformation\r\nseem promising and feasible. The relative advantage of thermochemical conversion over others is due to higher productivity and\r\ncompatibility with existing infrastructure facilities. However, the majority of these processes are still under development phase and\r\ntrying to secure a market share due to various challenges, right from suitable infrastructure, raw material, technical limitations,\r\ngovernment policies, and social acceptance. The knowledge at hand suggests that biomass can become a sustainable and major\r\ncontributor to the current energy demands, if research and development are encouraged in the field of thermochemical conversion\r\nfor various agricultural biomass types. This paper intends to explore the physical and chemical characteristics of biofuel substitutes\r\nof fossil fuels, potential biomass sources, and process parameters for thermochemical conversion....
Modelling of gas-liquid bubbly flows is achieved by coupling a population balance equation with the three-dimensional, two-fluid,\r\nhydrodynamic model. For gas-liquid bubbly flows, an average bubble number density transport equation has been incorporated in\r\nthe CFD code CFX 5.7 to describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the gas bubbles population. The coalescence and breakage\r\neffects of the gas bubbles are modeled. The coalescence by the random collision driven by turbulence and wake entrainment is\r\nconsidered, while for bubble breakage, the impact of turbulent eddies is considered. Local spatial variations of the gas volume\r\nfraction, interfacial area concentration, Sauter mean bubble diameter, and liquid velocity are compared against experimental data\r\nin a horizontal pipe, covering a range of gas (0.25 to 1.34 m/s) and liquid (3.74 to 5.1 m/s) superficial velocities and average volume\r\nfractions (4% to 21%). The predicted local variations are in good agreement with the experimental measurements reported in the\r\nliterature. Furthermore, the development of the flow pattern was examined at three different axial locations of L/D = 25, 148, and\r\n253. The first location is close to the entrance region where the flow is still developing, while the second and the third represent\r\nnearly fully developed bubbly flow patterns....
The extraction of olive oil generates huge quantities of solids and of high organic wastewaters with toxic constituents that have\r\na great impact on land and water environments. Based on a membrane process, authors proposed an alternative method for\r\ntreatment of olive mill wastewaters (OMWs). In the present paper, a technoeconomic analysis for the implementation of the\r\nproposed method in the entire Region ofWestern Greece (RWG) is presented. This paper takes into account fixed and operational\r\ncosts, costs for the infrastructure, equipment, land, maintenance, and so forth, considering the treatment of 50,000 tons per\r\nharvesting period in the area of RWG. The study showed that the establishment of only one central treatment manufacture could\r\nreduce the uncontrolled disposal of OMW. Exploitation of the isolated fractions as manure in fertilizers (nutrients components)\r\nor as components in ecological herbicides (phenolics) can depreciate the total cost in a period of about five years....
The tip structure of LVAD inflow cannula is one of major factors to lead adverse events such as thrombosis and suction leading to\r\nobstruction. In this research, four kinds of tips that had been used in inflow cannulas were selected and designed. The flow field of\r\nthe four inflow cannulas inserted into the apex of left ventricle (LV) was numerically computed by computational fluid dynamics.\r\nThe flow behavior was analyzed in order to compare the blood compatibility and suction in left ventricle and cannulas after the\r\ninflow cannulas with different tips were inserted to the apex of LV. The results showed that the cannula tip structure affected the\r\nLVAD performance. Among these four cannulas, the trumpet-tipped inflow cannula owned the best performance in smooth flow\r\nvelocity distribution without backflow or low-velocity flow so that it was the best in blood compatibility. Nevertheless, the caged\r\ntipped cannula was the worst in blood compatibility. And the blunt-tipped and beveled tipped inflow cannulas may obstruct more\r\neasily than trumpet and caged tipped inflow cannulas because of their shape. The study indicated that the trumpet tip was the most\r\npreferable for the inflow cannula of long-term LVAD....
Liquid chromatographic separation, gas chromatography were used to characterize the crude oil and extract samples collected from different oilfields in North Western Desert Egypt namely: Meleiha, Misaada and Qarun oilfields to confirm the indigenous sources for the petroleum generation of the oilfields. The mentioned parameters have been used for the relation between the produced oils and the potential source rocks showed that the there is a good correlation between the extract samples of Bahariya and Khatatba formations and crude oils from Qarun and Misaada oilfields. While the extract of Kharita source rocks and Meleiha oil shows no correlation. These evidences indicate that Bahariya and Khataba source rocks seem to be act as a source and reservoirs for oil generation in the Qarun and Misaada oilfields....
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